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What is arrhythmia?

An arrhythmia is also known as a heart rhythm problem, causing the heart to either beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia) or that it has an irregular pattern. This results when the electrical pulses that coordinate the heartbeats do not work properly.

What are the symptoms of arrhythmia?

People with an arrhythmia may not experience any symptoms, but a prominent arrhythmia may result in the following symptoms:

Chest pain
Dizziness and vertigo
Fainting (syncope)
Paleness
Difficulty breathing
Sweating
A slow heart beat
A fast heart beat

What causes arrhythmia?

Arrhythmias are caused by problems in the electrical conduction system of the heart. Among the main causes are:

Abnormal levels of potassium or other substances in the body
Heart attack or damage to the myocardium from a heart attack in the past
Hyperthyroidism
Heart failure or enlargement of the heart
Congenital heart disease
High blood pressure
Smoking
Too much caffeine or alcohol
Stress
Diabetes
Genetic causes
Recreational drug use

Can arrhythmia be prevented?

There are certain risk factors that can increase the chances of developing an arrhythmia, detailed above, so the following measures can help to reduce this risk:

Smoking cessation
Limited consumption of alcohol and caffeine
Proper management of diabetes
Balancing your electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium).
Reducing high cholesterol levels
Eating a healthy diet
Exercising regularly

What is the treatment for arrhythmia?

Mild arrhythmias often won’t require treatment, but when an arrhythmia is serious treatment will be required. Treatment can consist of:

Medication – to control the heart beat better
Pacemaker – to help the heart to beat at a regular pace
ICD – similar to a pacemaker, this device monitors heart rhythm, and uses small shocks to maintain a normal rhythm
Catheter ablation – minimally-invasive procedure that destroys diseases tissue in the heart causing the arrhythmia
Cardioversion – electric shocks are used to return the heart beat to a normal rhythm