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What is nephrocalcinosis?

Nephrocalcinosis is a kidney disorder in which an excess of calcium deposited in the kidneys. It is common in premature babies and in most cases, both kidneys are affected. Nephrocalcinosis is related to kidney stones (nephrolithiasis), although it is not the same disease.

What are the symptoms of nephrocalcinosis?

In many cases nephrocalcinosis doesn’t cause any early symptoms; in other cases, it is detected due to that is causing the disorder. However, people who, in addition to nephrocalcinosis, suffer from symptoms of an underlying condition kidney stones may have:

Blood in the urine
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Pain in the abdominal area, both sides of the back, in the groin or testicles, in the case of men.

In addition, late symptoms of nephrocalcinosis may be associated with chronic renal failure.

Causes of nephrocalcinosis

Nephrocalcinosis can be caused by a number of disorders that cause elevated calcium levels in the blood. Examples include:

Alport syndrome
Bartter syndrome
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Family hypomagnesaemia
Medullary spongy kidney
Primary hyperoxalurias
Rejection of a kidney transplant
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA)
Renal cortical necrosis

In addition, other causes include:

Ethylene glycol toxicity
Hypercalcaemia (excess calcium in the blood) due to hyperparathyroidism
Use of medications such as acetazolamide, amphotericin B and triamterene
Sarcoidosis
Kidney tuberculosis or AIDS-related conditions
Vitamin D toxicity

Can nephrocalcinosis be prevented?

Nephrocalcinosis can only be prevented by correctly treating those disorders related to high levels of calcium in the kidney. If these conditions are treated early, they can help prevent nephrocalcinosis.

What is the treatment for nephrocalcinosis?

Nephrocalcinosis treatment aims to reduce the symptoms and prevent more calcium from building up in the kidneys. In this way, it will include methods to reduce the levels of calcium, phosphate and oxalate in the blood and urine. These methods include changing the diet or taking certain medications and vitamin supplements. Treatment will also be directed at the underlying condition that is causing nephrocalcinosis